The Ministry of Education together with National Institute of Education Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Education Sciences, East China Normal University, University of International Business and Economics, and relative research units have launched overall, prospective, and practical strategic study upon the frontier issues and important fields of the reform and development of education in China, to enhance the service function of education towards the economic development of the nation. This book is a collection of the research reports. The book insists the goal-oriented and problem-oriented approaches, domestic-based and global vision, and reveals the new idea, thoughts, and strategies, especially the “Four Comprehensive” and Five Major Development Ideology, of the present governance centered by Chairman Xi. The book analyzes the problems of development strategy, education quality, education structure, structural reform, and raises practical measures towards the deepening of education reform.