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      • Brookings Institution Press

        The Brookings Institution and its scholars are known worldwide as a source for original and innovative thought  in foreign policy, American politics and governance, current affairs, metropolitan policy, economics, and development. In turn, the Brookings Institution Press helps bring the knowledge and research by scholars from within and outside the Institution to a wider audience of readers, researchers, students, and policymakers through  its books and journals. The Press publishes about forty books a year  that harness the power of fact and rigorous research to start conversations, inform debates, change minds, and move policy.

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      • BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT

        BCSis committed to making IT good for society and has over 70,000 members,including students, teachers, professionals and practitioners. Through a wide range of global communities, we foster links between experts from industry, academia and business to promote new thinking, education and knowledge sharing. BCSpromotes continuing professional development through a series of respected IT qualifications, professional certifications and apprenticeships, and provides practical support and information services for its customers around the world.

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      • Trusted Partner
        Literature & Literary Studies
        January 2013

        The Papal Reform of the Eleventh Century

        Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII

        by I. Robinson

        The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048-54) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of both popes, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation against the hostility generated by his reforming methods and his conflict with King Henry IV. Also included is a translation of Book to a Friend, written by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri soon after the death of Gregory VII, as well as an extract from the violently anti-Gregorian polemic of Bishop Benzo of Alba (1085) and the short biography of Leo IX composed in the papal curia in the 1090s by Bishop Bruno of Segni. These fascinating narrative sources bear witness to the startling impact of the papal reform and of the 'Investiture Contest', the conflict of empire and papacy that was one of its consequences. An essential collection of translated texts for students of medieval history.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        April 2024

        Reformed identity and conformity in England, 1559–1714

        by Jake Griesel, Esther Counsell

        This volume is the first collection of essays to focus specifically on how Reformed theology and ecclesiology related to one of the most consequential issues between the Elizabethan Settlement (1559) and the Hanoverian Succession (1714), namely conformity to the Church of England. This volume enriches scholarly understandings of how Reformed identity was understood in the Tudor and Stuart periods, and how it influenced both clerical and lay attitudes towards the English Church's government, liturgy and doctrine. In a reflection of how established religion pervaded all aspects of civic life in the early modern world and was sharply contested within both ecclesiastical and political spheres, this volume includes chapters that focus variously on the ecclesio-political, liturgical, and doctrinal aspects of conformity.

      • Trusted Partner
        Literature & Literary Studies
        March 2017

        Imperialism and juvenile literature

        by Jeffrey Richards

        Popular culture is invariably a vehicle for the dominant ideas of its age. Never was this truer than in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when it reflected the nationalist and imperialist ideologies current throughout Europe. It both reflects popular attitudes, ideas and preconceptions and it generates support for selected views and opinions. This book examines the various media through which nationalist ideas were conveyed in late-Victorian and Edwardian times: in the theatre, "ethnic" shows, juvenile literature, education and the iconography of popular art. It seeks to examine in detail the articulation and diffusion of imperialism in the field of juvenile literature by stressing its pervasiveness across boundaries of class, nation and gender. It analyses the production, distribution and marketing of imperially-charged juvenile fiction, stressing the significance of the Victorians' discovery of adolescence, technological advance and educational reforms as the context of the great expansion of such literature. An overview of the phenomenon of Robinson Crusoe follows, tracing the process of its transformation into a classic text of imperialism and imperial masculinity for boys. The imperial commitment took to the air in the form of the heroic airmen of inter-war fiction. The book highlights that athleticism, imperialism and militarism become enmeshed at the public schools. It also explores the promotion of imperialism and imperialist role models in fiction for girls, particularly Girl Guide stories.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        November 2011

        Structural reform of British local government

        Rhetoric and reality

        by Michael Chisholm

        During the 1990s, the structure of local government in Scotland and Wales was completely reorganised by Acts of Parliament. Under other legislation, and in response to recommendations from the Local Government Commission, there was a partial reorganisation in shire England. This is the only study which examines these reforms in one volume. Running through this study is the contrast between the rhetoric used to justify replacing counties and districts by new unitary authorities and the realities of local government. The book reviews the reasons for the reforms, the processes and outcomes in the three countries, and the nature of the evidence which was available for the advantages and disadvantages of reorganisation. Two chapters compare the prior assessments with the actuality, and the final chapter discusses some important lessons for national governance. This is the only study written by someone who was directly involved in the structural review, as a member of the Local Government Commission, and it combines this special experience with a wealth of information from many sources. The book will be a key text for teachers and students of local government and also important for those studying public administration, government and politics at the second or third year undergraduate level. There should also be a wide readership in local government circles and among MPs and those concerned with public life. ;

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        September 2019

        Reformation without end

        by Jason Peacey, Robert Ingram

      • Trusted Partner
      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        January 2020

        Lollards in the English Reformation

        by Susan Royal, Anthony Milton

      • Trusted Partner
        European history
        January 2003

        Religion and superstition in Reformation Europe

        by Edited by Christopher Durston and Judith Maltby

        What, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was 'superstition'? Where might it be found, and how might it be countered? How was the term used, and how effective a weapon was it in the assault on traditional religion?. The ease with which accusations of 'superstition' slipped into the language of Reformation debate has ensured that one of the most fought over terms in the history of early modern popular culture, especially religious culture, is also one of the most difficult to define. Offers a novel approach to the issue, based upon national and regional studies, and examinations of attitudes to prophets, ghosts, saints and demonology, alongside an analysis of Catholic responses to the Reformation and the apparent presence of 'superstition' in the reformed churches. Challenges the assumptions that Catholic piety was innately superstitious, while Protestantism was rational, and suggests that the early modern concept of 'superstition' needs more careful treatment by historians. Demands that the terminology and presuppositions of historical discourse on the Reformation be altered to remove lingering sectarian polemic.

      • Trusted Partner
        September 2016

        Geschichte der Reformation in Deutschland

        by Thomas Kaufmann

        Die traditionelle, protestantisch geprägte Geschichtsauffassung sah in der »Tat Luthers« eine Befreiung von den »dunklen Mächten« der Papstkirche und ein »Ende des Mittelalters«. Doch weder war das Spätmittelalter »finster« noch Luther eine Lichtgestalt. Sein kirchlicher Reformimpuls steht im Kontext vielfältiger Umbrüche, die um 1500 im politischen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Leben einsetzten. Dass die Reformation viele Menschen mitriss und zuletzt in ein eigenes Kirchenwesen mündete, war nur möglich, weil verschiedene Akteure (Landesfürsten, städtische Magistrate, Bürger und Bauern) etwas mit ihr »anfangen« konnten. Dabei spielten auch die neuen Massenmedien der Zeit (Flugschriften, Predigten) eine große Rolle. Das zuerst 2009 im Verlag der Weltreligionen unter dem Titel Geschichte der Reformation erschienene Buch wurde für die Neuausgabe durchgesehen, aktualisiert und um einen Epilog erweitert, der unter anderem auf die Geschichte der Reformationsjubiläen zurück- und auf das Lutherjahr 2017 vorausblickt.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        July 2002

        The Swiss Reformation

        The Swiss Reformation

        by Bruce Gordon, Mark Greengrass

        The Swiss Reformation was a seminal event of the sixteenth century which created a Protestant culture whose influence spread across Europe from Transylvania to Scotland. Offers the first comprehensive study of the Swiss Reformation and argues that the movement must be understood in terms of the historical evolution of the Swiss Confederation, its unique and fluid structures, the legacy of the mercenary trade, the distinctive character of Swiss theology, the powerful influence of Renaissance humanism, and, most decisively, the roles played by the dominant figures, Huldrych Zwingli and Heinrich Bullinger. Marked by astounding creative energy, incendiary preaching, burning political passions, peasant revolts, and breath-taking scholarship, as well as by painful divisions, civil war, executions and dashed hopes, the story of the Swiss Reformation is told with extensive use of primary sources. Explores the narrative of events before turning to consider themes such as the radical opposition, church and community, daily life in the Confederation, cultural achievements and the Swiss place in the wider European Reformation world. ;

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        January 2020

        Ideas of monarchical reform

        Fénelon, Jacobitism, and the political works of the Chevalier Ramsay

        by Joseph Bergin, Andrew Mansfield, Penny Roberts, William G. Naphy

        This book examines the political works of Andrew Michael Ramsay (1683-1743) within the context of early eighteenth-century British and French political thought. In the first monograph on Ramsay in English for over sixty years, the author uses Ramsay to engage in a broader evaluation of the political theory in the two countries and the exchange between them. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, Britain and France were on divergent political paths. Yet in the first three decades of that century, the growing impetus of mixed government in Britain influenced the political theory of its long-standing enemy. Shaped by experiences and ideologies of the seventeenth century, thinkers in both states exhibited a desire to produce great change by integrating past wisdom with modern knowledge.

      • Trusted Partner
      • Trusted Partner
        June 2007

        Reform der Unternehmensbesteuerung 2008.

        Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung. Heft 2, 76. Jahrgang (2007).

        by Leitung (sonst.) Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        February 2023

        Eternal light and earthly concerns

        Belief and the shaping of medieval society

        by Paul Fouracre

        In early Christianity it was established that every church should have a light burning on the altar at all times. In this unique study, Eternal light and earthly concerns, looks at the material and social consequences of maintaining these 'eternal' lights. It investigates how the cost of lighting was met across western Europe throughout the whole of the Middle Ages, revealing the social organisation that was built up around maintaining the lights in the belief that burning them reduced the time spent in Purgatory. When that belief collapsed in the Reformation the eternal lights were summarily extinguished. The history of the lights thus offers not only a new account of change in medieval Europe, but also a sustained examination of the relationship between materiality and belief.

      • Trusted Partner
        Literature & Literary Studies
        January 2025

        People and piety

        Protestant devotional identities in early modern England

        by Elizabeth Clarke, Robert W. Daniel

        This international and interdisciplinary volume investigates Protestant devotional identities in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. Divided into two sections, the book examines the 'sites' where these identities were forged - the academy, printing house, household, theatre and prison - and the 'types' of texts that expressed them - spiritual autobiographies, religious poetry and writings tied to the ars moriendi - providing a broad analysis of social, material and literary forms of devotion during England's Long Reformation. Through archival and cutting-edge research, a detailed picture of 'lived religion' emerges, which re-evaluates the pietistic acts and attitudes of well-known and recently discovered figures. To those studying and teaching religion and identity in early modern England, and anyone interested in the history of religious self-expression, these chapters offer a rich and rewarding read.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        July 2018

        Security sector reform in transforming societies

        Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro

        by Timothy Edmunds

        This book is about the relationship between societies and their security forces at times of great political and societal change. It uses the experiences of Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro to examine the control, management and reform of armed forces, police and intelligence agencies in the aftermath of conflict and authoritarianism. The book assesses the theory and practice of security sector reform programmes in the context of Europe and the Western Balkans, the relationship between security sector reform and normative international policy more generally, and the broader dynamics of post-conflict and post-authoritarian transformation. In so doing it addresses two underlying questions. First, how and in what ways does reform in the security sector interrelate with processes of domestic political and societal transformation, particularly democratisation. Second, how and in what ways do these processes relate and respond to internationally-driven efforts to promote a particular type of security sector reform as a component of wider peacebuilding and democracy promotion strategies.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        July 2024

        A neoliberal revolution?

        Thatcherism and the reform of British pensions

        by Hugh Pemberton, James Freeman, Aled Davies

        This book examines the Thatcher government's attempt to revolutionise Britain's pensions system in the 1980s and create a nation of risk-taking savers with an individual stake in capitalism. Drawing upon recently-released archival records, it shows how the ideas motivating these reforms journeyed from the writings of neoliberal intellectuals into government and became the centrepiece of a plan to abolish significant parts of the UK's welfare state and replace these with privatised personal pensions. Revealing a government that veered between political caution and radicalism, the book explains why this revolution failed and charts the malign legacy left by the evolutionary changes that ministers salvaged from the wreckage of their reforms. The book contributes to understanding of policy change, Thatcherism, and international neoliberalism by showing how major reforms to social security could reflect neoliberal thought and yet profoundly disappoint their architects.

      • Trusted Partner
        Humanities & Social Sciences
        January 2020

        Reform and the papacy in the eleventh century

        Spirituality and social change

        by S. H. Rigby, Kathleen G. Cushing

        This book explores the relationship between the papacy and reform against the backdrop of social and religious change in later tenth and eleventh-century Europe. Placing this relationship in the context of the debate about 'transformation', it reverses the recent trend among historians to emphasise the reform developments in the localities at the expense of those being undertaken in Rome. It focuses on how the papacy took an increasingly active part in shaping the direction of both its own reform and that of society, whose reform became an essential part of realising its objective of a free and independent Church. It also addresses the role of the Latin Church in western Europe around the year 1000, the historiography of reform, the significance of the 'Peace of God' as a reformist movement, the development of the papacy in the eleventh century, the changing attitudes towards simony, clerical marriage and lay investiture, reformist rhetoric aimed at the clergy, and how reformist writings sought to change the behaviour and expectations of the aristocracy. Summarising current literature while presenting a cogent and nuanced argument about the complex nature and development of reform, this book will be invaluable for an undergraduate and specialist audience alike.

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