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Literature & Literary StudiesJanuary 2013Eleventh-century Germany
The Swabian chronicles
by I. Robinson
Three of the most important chronicles of eleventh-century Germany were composed in the south-western duchy of Swabia. The chronicles reveal how between 1049 and 1100 the centripetal attraction of the reform papacy became the dominant fact of intellectual life in German reformed monastic circles. In the abbey of Reichenau Herman 'the Lame' composed a chronicle of the reign of Emperor Henry III (1039-56). His pupil, Berthold of Reichenau, continued his master's work, composing a detailed account of 1076-1079 in Germany. Bernold, a clergyman of Constance, continued the work of Herman and Berthold in a text containing the fullest extant account of 1080-1100. Herman's waning enthusiasm for the monarchy and growing interest in the newly reformed papacy were intensified in Berthold's chronicle, and writing in the new context of the reformed monasteries of south-western Germany, Bernold preached total obedience to the Gregorian papacy. The Swabian chronicles are an indispensable resource to the student of the changing loyalties and conflicts of eleventh-century Germany.
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Humanities & Social SciencesSeptember 2022Monastic experience in twelfth-century Germany
by Alison I. Beach, Shannon M. T. Li, Samuel Sutherland
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January 1954Gedichte
by Arthur Rimbaud, K. L. Ammer, Stefan Zweig
Stefan Zweig, wurde am 28. November 1881 in Wien geboren und starb am 23. Februar 1942 in Petrópolis bei Rio de Janeiro. Er studierte Philosophie, Germanistik und Romanistik in Berlin und Wien, reiste viel in Europa, nach Indien, Nordafrika, Nord- und Mittelamerika. 1938 emigrierte Zweig nach England, ging 1940/41 nach New York, dann nach Brasilien, wo er sich 1942 das Lebennahm. »Er war in seiner Zeit weltweit einer der berühmtesten und populärsten deutschsprachigen Schriftsteller. Seine unter dem Einfluß Sigmund Freuds entstandenen Novellen zeichnen sich durch geschickte Milieuschilderungen und einfühlsame psychologische Porträts aus, in denen die dezente, doch unmißverständliche Darstellung sexueller Motive auffällt. Seine romanhaften Biographien akzentuieren die menschlichen Schwächen der großen historischen Persönlichkeiten.« Marcel Reich-Ranicki
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Literature & Literary StudiesJanuary 2013The Papal Reform of the Eleventh Century
Lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII
by I. Robinson
The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The reform was inaugurated by Pope Leo IX (1048-54) and given a controversial change of direction by Pope Gregory VII (1073-85). This book contains the earliest biographies of both popes, presented here for the first time in English translation with detailed commentaries. The biographers of Leo IX were inspired by his universally acknowledged sanctity, whereas the biographers of Gregory VII wrote to defend his reputation against the hostility generated by his reforming methods and his conflict with King Henry IV. Also included is a translation of Book to a Friend, written by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri soon after the death of Gregory VII, as well as an extract from the violently anti-Gregorian polemic of Bishop Benzo of Alba (1085) and the short biography of Leo IX composed in the papal curia in the 1090s by Bishop Bruno of Segni. These fascinating narrative sources bear witness to the startling impact of the papal reform and of the 'Investiture Contest', the conflict of empire and papacy that was one of its consequences. An essential collection of translated texts for students of medieval history.
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