This book discusses the theoretical paradigm and analytical framework of local government competition. It carries out empirical analysis from several perspectives - local development mode, local protectionism, division of public service duties between different government levels, urban government competition, county and township level financial and fiscal system, and villager self-governance etc. The book expands the application of the paradigm of “competition-oriented government” in the analysis of economy, finance, and political behavior of local governments and explores the possibility of using fiscal federalism as a framework of order for local government competition.